Prevalence of Dementia in Australia - 2658 Words

Wrong method to give APA intext citation. However, it is on page 469 of Edition 11. Remove. Introduction Failure to remember events, forgetting to attend to tasks if interrupted, poor hygiene habits, language problems, erratic and unpredictable judgment, disturbed emotions and depression along with occasional hallucinations and delusions are all signs that a person may be suffering from a common cognitive disorder called Dementia. In this case study, Antonio Renaldi shows most of the symptoms of Alzheimers disease, a type of dementia. It takes many years for dementia to develop before it is diagnosed, and for the cognitive abilities of the diseased person to deteriorate to a level where they are unable to continue their normal social and professional activities. According to a recent study (Prince et al., 2013), it is estimated that about 35. 6 million people suffered from dementia worldwide in 2010 and these numbers will double every twenty years. Australia is among a list of countries which are boldly facing this disease, which afflicts the intellect of its countrymen. In 2011, 298,000 Australians suffered from dementia, 62% of which were women (AIHW, 2012) Prevalence of Dementia in Australia With dementia, due to a significant delay between onset of disease and actual diagnosis, it is difficult to estimate the prevalence in populations, as the total number of people having the condition at a given time is not known. The most recent data on the prevalence ofShow MoreRelatedHealth Care and Stage Dementia Support Essay example1302 Words   |  6 Pagesassignment, I researched about the health problem, dementia. Dementia is one of the serious health problems Australia encounters. This is due to the fact that the aging of population in Australia is increasing. Thus, the number of people who are diagnosed as dementia is increasing every year. Brown Edwards (2005) suggested that there are approximately 18,000 new cases of dementia in Australia every year. Harris, Nagy and Vardaxis (2006) stated  ¡Ã‚ ®dementia is a progressive organic mental disorder characterisedRead MoreA Brief Note On Coronary Heart Disease ( Chd )814 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrates various modifiable a nd non-modifiable risk factors, influencing the prevalence of CHD within Australians. Figure 1: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors affecting the prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in Australia [19] Modifiable Risk Factors Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Obesity Increasing age Hyperlipidemia Gender Excessive alcohol and tobacco use Family history Psychological stress Heredity Prevalence of CHD over the past century As shown in Figure 2 (Page 2), the AustralianRead MoreThe Impact Of Dementia On The Health Problem With Worldwide Education1236 Words   |  5 PagesThe impact of dementia is a mounting global health problem with worldwide education the incidence and prevalence can be diminished. With the projected incidence raising global education is crucial. Education about dementia prevention, increasing awareness and understanding of dementia and reducing stigma is vital to meet this 21st century health problem. The above factors combined have a major impact on the indivvual with dementia and society. No solo country, sector or organisation can encounterRead MoreThe Effects Of Dementia On The Incidence And Prevalence1081 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact of dementia is a mounting global health problem and through worldwide education the incidence and prevalence can be diminished. Global education is critical with the projected dementia incidence, the lack awareness and understanding of dementia, no dementia cure and the associated stigma. These factors combined have a major impact on the person with dementia and society. No solo country, sector or organisation can encounter this global health problem by themselves. Worldwide dementia numbersRead MoreThe Dangers Of The Elderly1582 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia, like numerous countries throughout the world, has an imminent aged care crisis. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) reports that there are 3.22 million people aged 65 years or older, or 14% of the population, and this number is expected to double over the next 45 years. The effect of the elderly living longer is that the occurrence of illness and disabilities, as well as recovery time, is increased (Lovell, 2006). Associated with this is the increase in demand for health care resourcesRead MoreMy First Clinical Rotation As A Nursing Student1314 Words   |  6 PagesDuring my first clinical rotation as a nursing student, I was assigned to care for several older adults suffering from dementia. Although all of my patients ranged in severity from mild to severe progression of dementia, they all experienced moments of agitation, anxiety, or disturbed behaviors related to their diseas e. It occurred to me after careful review of several patient charts that despite often being prescribed pharmaceutical regimes for other comorbidities, these patients were rarely prescribedRead MoreThe Global Population Is Ageing At An Alarming Rate2024 Words   |  9 Pagesand is characterised by a period of substantial decline in functioning including physical, psychological and social. Whilst dementia is not an inevitable part of the ageing process, it has however due to the ageing population become more prevalent within society, especially within remote aboriginal communities (Brodaty Cumming 2010 cited in Jones Creedy 2012, p.44). Dementia does not refer to a single disease rather, a group of symptoms specifically retaining to the cognitive impairment of individualRead MoreOverview of Dementia Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Margaret is a 77 year old who has a diagnosis of dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She has been recently separated from her daughter who was her primary carer and her husband who were both unable to cope with her agitated behaviour. Margaret now resides in an age care facility. Margaret’s mental and emotional health is a cause for concern and the family are upset and are struggling with feelings of guilt and anger. This paper with discuss the intervention professional healthcareRead MoreThe Elderly and Chronic Diseases5483 Words   |  22 Pagesis also found to be more prevalent in the ageing demographic of most countries. Australia is one of the developed countries that have a growing ageing population, and this has a decided impact on the Australian Health System and Services, which is in fact expected to increase in the future. ...the increase in certain risk factors and the prolonging of life due to improvements in medical interventions, the prevalence of chronic disease is expected to increase in the future (Key indicators of progressRead MoreEssay on Dementia in Elder Adults1870 Words   |  8 PagesDementia is the most feared and distressing disorder of later life. This essay will give an overview of dementia followed by the most common types of dementia. The essay will cover the nursing assessment and the interventions. Issues relating to sleeping disorders will be identified and it will also explore the care required in relation to these sleeping problems for an older patient / client suffering from dementia, as well as patient and carer advice. Analysis of Dementia Overview The term

Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang Free Essays

string(223) " be lazy in a fact where if one topographic point is non clearly pictured in their head, they find it troublesome to acquire to that topographic point, therefore they would be given to non travel to that topographic point\." From Kuching, Sarawak, Ar. Phillip Chang is a good known designer for its singularity. He has been practising in his house United Consultant located in East Malaysia, ( Kuching, Sarawak ) for many old ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang or any similar topic only for you Order Now His primary and secondary school has been done one of the celebrated missional school in Kuching which is ST. THOMAS’ male child junior and high school. After completing high school 2 old ages before than normal Malayan pupils, he acquire the chance to analyze at Australia for 2 old ages and finish 2 old ages of Australian high school. This is chiefly because he went to school before than other Malaysians, at the age of 5 alternatively of age of 7 which is the normal age to get down schooling. This is besides the chief ground he was able to hold the pick of class in NSW Matriculation Certificate. His instruction in the Sydney Boys High was funded by the Government at that clip. Mr. Phillip started to detect his involvement and endowment in art, pulling and originative chases during his high school instruction. He joined a few art competitions and about monopoly the competition in his class. This started to light the fire within himself of passion and endowment in art where it’s lead him to prosecute architecture. Before that his initial program was to take technology class nevertheless he opt for Architecture due to the ground that he wanted to be different from other top Asiatic pupils in Sydney whereby they all taking for technology class. Even though his determination to take architecture class might non be the finding to be an designer but it is the impulse to be different from his equals who went for technology class. It turned out that he ne’er regretted that determination. This been said, it do impact a individual believing based on what they experience. Before even stepping into Architecture, Mr.Phillip has been a smart pupil and at the same clip being an artistic pupil, and he take to travel for the more artistic way in his ain manner of construing the theory of â€Å"ARTISTIC† which how such â€Å"END USER† react to such â€Å"SPACE† . He has developed this idea of himself when he started to graduated from Malayan high school and complete it at the NSW Matriculation, at Sydney Boys High. He tends to be more optimistic in between both different civilization of both different state. Analyzing Architecture in Sydney University during Mr.Phillip’s yearss were non an easy undertaking. It was hard and ambitious as during those yearss, the architecture pupil had to take 14 topics and they had to go through each and every topic or else were being forced to reiterate the whole semester once more. During his 2nd twelvemonth, things tend to turned into his worst incubus as he took 18 compulsory topic and it was a tough clip for Mr.Phillip. At the same clip, he was active in pupil political relations, particularly among the abroad pupil and this really took a batch of his focal point and concentration from his surveies, but he was smart. He started to work smart and intermix in with the society. Sing wad is the result of this class, why is it being so tough for Asiatic pupils to corp up to the international criterion. He was presuming and researching all those stuff boulder clay he found that different reactions leads to different human behaviour. This course of st udy was being design for the international pupil and you, as an Asiatic, your cognition is much shallow but there’s something particular about Asiatic, Asiatic works harder in to accomplish something which they pursue. This is when he get down to acquire interested in human behaviour and had use them as one of the chief foundation of his design. Basically his Architecture life during university was rather alone to state from others, he dint studied much on planing, but he study more on building and more proficient side of architecture. He studied psychological science during his university clip besides. This is why he has ever this aureate regulation, built for the terminal user would appreciate and non for the aesthetic value for public to appreciate. Mr. Philip has ever live up to the motive of understanding the site context and human behaviour A ; reaction is his chief key of design. By making so, he study the bulk human reaction towards a park. As Malayan China friendly relationship park was built in a surrounding of a residential context and confronting the chief route, Mr. Philip Chang took this chance to make a unstable circulation towards the way base of what he had observe on environing user. Therefore, two chief entryway was built to carry through the common behaviour of the environing user. The west site of the entryway, ( CHINA GATEWAY ) was placed at that place on the X Axis because of the surrounding of residential context. The community in Kuching, Sarawak prefer walking to a topographic point if its in the radius of a walking distance of 15 – 20 proceedingss. This shows that Mr. Phillip full fill the normal human behaviour of Kuching ; s Community as the West entryway is the most appropriate for walking dist ance travel. This are the importance of understanding the user demands and behaviour, the terminal user particular has ever play a large function in your design. One designer do non plan based on their premise, but one designer design based on the theory they produce from research. As for the north site of the entryway, ( MALAYSIAN GATEWAY ) , is another chief entryway which confronting the chief route. Traveling back to the normal human behaviour of Kuching’s community, if they were to go by vehicle to one topographic point, it should be seen clearly from far. This enable them to place the topographic point they heading to and at the same clip, Kuching’s community tends to be lazy in a fact where if one topographic point is non clearly pictured in their head, they find it troublesome to acquire to that topographic point, therefore they would be given to non travel to that topographic point. You read "Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang" in category "Essay exam ples" The scheme of this is to make a chief entryway confronting the chief route so mundane people base on ballss by and would detect this topographic point and ease up on happening their ways towards the topographic point. For climatic status, Mr.Phillip ever uses site context as the foundation of his design. One edifice does non merely landed on someplace like an UFO. It must ever intermix in with the site context and no base entirely by itself. This is to give the populace the vision and feelings of credence. For illustration the Malaysia China Friendship park. The site before was a abandon empty piece of land a little residential vicinity park being intersect by a minor route in between. This is the climatic status of the site, and as for the sun way, the China park would be exposed to inordinate sunshine during the afternoon and eventide which is when the peak hr of people coming in. This is normally the chief job of a site contextual design where in Malaysia, Sun plays a large factor impacting your site. It is because of the geometrical place Malaysia is at, which is under tropical clime. This in consequence, the tea marquee been built to shelter the user during afternoon, serve as a assemblage or meeting point where activities could keep during the afternoon. This is portion of a homocentric arrangement design where an axis of ten and y meet and make a homocentric infinite in the in-between moving like an vacuity to pull the user towards is, and it is moreover enhanced by the climatic factor which happens in Malaysia is the high exposure of sunshine and besides shelter from rain. The tea marquee been built in a manner that, there’s non much of an gaps and the roof were being design in a big overhand to shadow the user from sunshine. As for the other side, it is non extremely affected by he sunlight issues, but it is affected by the pollution from the chief route. Noise coming from the vehicle and air pollution is one of the chief factor. Landscaping and flora being done to cut down the air pollution, and it has been setback inwards to cut down the noise pollut ion, moving as a buffer zone in between the chief route and the park. The ground the marquee of the 7 cultural group being built in a really unfastened mode is because it does non exposed to inordinate sunshine, and it is located on the east side of the park. This once more blends in with the site context, because of it is located at Kuching Sarawak, the population are extremely from the ethnics group, so the terminal user would be attracted to this park. Socio – Culture has ever being one of the chief design theory of Mr. Philip. This friendly relationship park was being proposed to honor the relationship between China and Malaysia. The diagram above shows the harmoniousness of both civilization being unite into one component which being tied by the south China sea. The layout was built behind a strong theory of the Admiral Zheng He from China coming to Malaysia to offer friendly relationship and peace until today. This at the same clip creates an past experience ambiance to the user when they was on the site. It is one of the design theory where the terminal user could really appreciate more about the site and non merely blind sightly see the infinite without any consciousness of the site, for illustration the history, the intent, and etc. Basically, the West side of the park represent China, Admiral Zheng He comes from China and in order to acquire to Malaysia, he has to go through the south China sea which is the connexion between two state. So as you could see above, the Tea Pavilion strongly represent China with Chinese ain unique architecture which are the detailing on the decorations and oriental Chinese architecture. Like most of Chinese architecture civilization, one time the user enter, they would be greet by a broad unfastened infinite ( courtyard ) to stand for the magnificence of Chinese architecture. Follow up by the singularity of Chinese architecture which is the tea marquee. After Admiral Zheng He crosses the south China sea, he reached Malaysia and being greeted by the assorted civilization of Malaysia, which would be represent by the 13 provinces of Malaysia. Follow up by a Pavilion which represent the 7 cultural groups of Sarawak unite together as one to organize Sarawak, as this park was built in Ku ching, Sarawak. The whole theory behind this once more is the diverseness of civilization between China and Malaysia, and how different diverseness of civilization find peace within two wholly assorted civilization. The park symbolically re-pesent the theory of both state, and the architecture of both state strongly heighten as grounds of both civilization unites together as one. This is why socio-culture plays an of import portion as a theory where it does non merely affairs about how the terminal user would experience, but it is besides about the site context blending at the same clip creates an ambiance for the terminal user to see and this would be in consequence of the terminal user really knows more about the site, therefore he to the full understand the theory behind the whole design. The treatment was an architect design must non ever be merely aesthetically presentable but the thought and construct based on theory being produce by an designer must be able to back up the whole design. Do non plan for aesthetically ocular comfort for the populace and stop user, but design to intermix in with the populace and the terminal user. This conclude the decision of, every designer have their ain design based on their ain theory produced based on the research they did, but in order to hold that design proved is practical and success is non of import. The procedure of acquiring to the design, that is what matters most, because in the terminal of a twenty-four hours, one designer are planing for a community of public and end user. Architects occupation are non merely planing edifices and infinite, their day-to-day responsibility has ever been determining our female parent Earth and turn it into a better topographic point for humanity from past, towards the current and future to populate in. REFRENCES – Ivy Jong/Pertubuhan arkitek Malaysia ( 2011, September ) .Intersection.hypertext transfer protocol: //pamsc.org.my/wp-content/uploads/newsletter/PAMSC_NEWSLETTER_ISUE_4.pdf – Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia. ( n.d. ) .PAM directory.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pamdirectory.my/profile_architect.aspx? id=288c982a-8c33-4e7d-8664-edfbb9b216ec How to cite Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang, Free Case study samples

Migration Act of Australia Immigration System

Question: Describe about the Migration Act of Australia for Immigration System. Answer: A. There are lots of regulations for immigration system of Australia. For the employer who is interested to work in Australia, there are some requirements. If those requirements are fulfilled, then visa for Australia is available. As per case study Wang is a chef in Hong Kong hotel and he has high interest to go Australia for his work but problem arises because Wangs English is good and to get an Australian visa for employment purpose a person has to fulfil the conditions of Subclass 457 visa of Migration act where it is clearly stated that a person should be proficient in English language and he should qualify the English tests as per subclass 457of Migration Act 1958, (Revised 2013). Any overseas employers or Australian employer can sponsor a worker under subclass 457 visa for four years[1]. If a person gets subclass 457 visa then the person can travel Australia for several times[2]. There are several English languages testing for subclass 457 visa which have to be qualified for getting visa are mentioned below: IELTS (International English Language Testing System): The overall score of this test is 5 and in each band its minimum score can be 4.5. OET (Occupational English Test): For allied medical health professionals, it is required that they should be A B pass and four components of OET should be present there[3]. TOEFL IBT: There should be score 12 in writing and speaking and 3 in reading and listening, total score should be 36. PTE (Person test of English (Academic): In each band there should be 30 and average score should be 36. CAE (Cambridge English: Advanced): In each band minimum score should be 147 and average score of the band should be 157. All these visa tests are valid up to 3 years and as per context Wang has to qualify these tests to get the visa for Australia. A table is mentioned below: There are some English language tests exemptions by which the applicants: If the passport of UK, USA, Ireland, Newzealand or Canada, is with the applicant, or 5 years of education of tertiary and secondary examination of the applicant should be from English medium. For English Language Skills Exemption Threshold (ELSET) the applicant has to pay $ 96,400. David has to understand these exemptions. B. Jimmy Tran is the owner of restaurant in Melbourne and he was sponsoring David Wang for subsection 457 Visa for premises and Wang paid $30,000 for premises in Australia. According subsection 457 of work Visa of Migration Act 1958 (Amended 2013), if a person visits overseas then he has to be sponsored by am eligible employer of Australia. As per context Tran was an owner of the restaurant in Melbourne which is in Australia. So he is eligible to sponsor David Wang but as he has charged $30,000 from Wang, so he has breached the rules Migration acts. If the sponsor (Tran) has breach the subsection 457 of Migration act, then he has to give civil penalties to the Australian court and obligations in his sponsorship will occur. As per Sponsor obligation, Jim Tran is not allowed to ask money from Wang As per subsection 457 for breaching Sponsorship obligations, the infringement notice of civil penalty that is, maximum $6,600 and $33000 will be asked from the sponsor (Tran) to the Australian court. According to Schedule 3 of subclass 457 if the employee (Wang) breaches the rules and try to take any illegal action then he will be penalized under Migration act of Australia. The most essential thing is fulfilment of rules of Subsection 457 of Migration act which Wang has to follow with some procedure to qualify the English Test Skills for getting the visa for Australia[4]. As the procedures suggested by Jim Tran is illegal, so by this procedure he will never get the visa for Australia. C. As David was not proficient for English, so with the help of sponsorship also, he was unable to get the visa. For that reason his wife, Ada took decision to apply for skilled visa for her husband. As she was a paediatric nurse, so her English skills may be more than David. For applying skilled visa there are some requirements which have to be fulfilled by her to get the visa. They are: The age of the applicant should be less than 50 and Ada was 33 years old. To work in Australia Ada should have sufficient knowledge of English and to qualify the English test. The qualification of Ada should fulfil the requirement of skilled occupation test. Ada has to get assessed by Australian Assessing Authority for nominated occupation which is a part of skill assessment. Sponsorship is also needed to be applied by Ada for getting the visa. As an applicant Ada has to be reasonable good health person because medical examination will occur before she migrate Australia. Even she has to be good character without any criminal record. As she is a medical health professional, so as per subsection 457, she has to qualify the English language test, especially OET (Occupational English Test) because she is a health professional (paediatric nurse). According to OET, the health professionals are A B pass and four components of OET. In the Point test of English Ada has to score 6.0 points. If the basic requirements and the point test are not qualified by Ada then she will not get the skilled migration application. D. Every occupation in Australia has a code, that is Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of occupations (ANZSCO) code. The ANZCO Code of a registered paediatric nurse is 2544-25 in Australia. If Ada is a registered nurse and her ANZCO code is 2544-25 then, she will get good opportunities for qualifying skilled visa from Visa Bureau migration[5]. For migration purpose, there are certain skill assessments which are responsible for assessing authorities for visa application. For specific occupation, skill assessment is needed to be obtained. Timeframe, assessment procedures and charges are needed to be accessed by that person who has got the authority[6]. Ada can apply for visa to Australian immigration Department and to show the assessing authority she has to be registered under Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). The assessing authority of a Paediatric nurse is ANMAC (Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council). For training a nurse steps of ANMAC is essential. The Australian communitys health and safety is protected by ANMAC by giving proper assessment, training and education to the nurses, so that they can treat their patients properly[7]. Accreditation standards and study of the programs for nurses are provided by ANMAC who is their assessing authority[8]. For Skilled Migration Service, it is the responsibility of ANMAC to help nurses like Ada to migrate to Australia following the rules of General Migration Program. E. As per context, in all the 4 components Ada has obtained 6.0 which is the criteria of Competent English as per IELTS but she has to obtain score of 8 for Superior English Language Testing System in four test components whose point will be 20 and in Proficient English, the score which she has to obtain is 7 or more with 10 points. The chart has been described below: Ada has to score total 60 points in English Language Testing System (IELTS), 15 in. Ada will not pass the IELTS, if she does not score these points as she has only qualified the competent English test and scored 6.0. The score will affect the application of subclass 457 visa of Ada because she has not qualified the terms of visa and as per Migration act, of section 186 of ENS and section 187 of RSMS, if the exemptions were given, then visa eligibility would have been permitted to her. If minimum score 5 should have been obtained in the English Language Testing System (IELTS), then in exemption case she would have been allowed for getting the visa for Australia under subsection 457 of Migration act[9]. For more 3 years, she can seat for the English Language Testing System (IELTS) from which authority can be granted to her for getting visa under section 457 of migration law. As per context, Ada has to appear for the English Language Testing System (IELTS), in specific time and if she qualifies the proficiency test and her eligibility criteria is matched then she will get subsection 457 visa under migration act 2013[10]. F. In Migration act there are several rules and regulations under which the subclasses which are mentioned below through which Ada can apply for her visa for her family. Her husband wants to work in Australia and this are the subsections which are followed in visa act. If Ada gets the permanent residency then only she can get the citizenship and she can sponsor her husband and son for visa application in Australia under migration act of 2013. Several amendments and sections with subclasses are mentioned with various applications through which the progress and the application of visa can be followed under Migration Act. All rules and regulations of migration act are needed to be fulfilled for application of visa[11]. As per Migration act of Australia if Ada get the visa and citizenship of Australia, then after 2 years she can apply for Partner provisional visa for her husband and she can sponsor her husband David to migrate in Australia[12]. The charge which she requires to pay Australian government currently in 2015 for his offshore partner is $ 4,630 for getting visa for her husband David. Under subclass 100 of Partner visa for the first stage towards permanent residency, Ada can apply visa for her husband and for provisional visa, under subclass 309, she can apply provisional visa arrangement for her husband David. Adas son is 10 years old while his visa charge have to be applied while giving application for visa. As her child is dependant and she is the sponsor of the visa of her child then, as per sub class 445 of migration act, she has to pay $ 595 in AUD[13]. Bibliography Leese, Peter, Carly McLaughlin and Władysław Witalisz,Migration, Narration, Identity(Peter Lang, 2012) Migration Act 2013(Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 3rd ed, 2013) Vrachnas, John,Migration And Refugee Law(Cambridge University Press, 2012) ANZSCO 254425: Registered Nurse (Paediatrics) - Australia Skilled Visa - Work In Australia(2016) Anzscosearch https://www.anzscosearch.com/254425 ANZSCO Occupations | Acacia | Immigration Australia(2016) Acacia-au.com https://www.acacia-au.com/anzsco.php Australia Visa Information - Visa Fees At Glance(2016) Vfsglobal.com https://www.vfsglobal.com/australia/singapore/visa_fees_at_glance.html Dependent Child Visa (Subclass 445)(2016) Border.gov.au https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/445- Family Migration To Australia: Australian Visa Bureau(2016) Visabureau.com https://www.visabureau.com/australia/spouse-visa.aspx Migration Amendment Act 2013(2016) Legislation.gov.au https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013A00122 Partner (Provisional) Visa (Subclass 309) And Partner (Migrant) Visa (Subclass 100)(2016) Border.gov.au https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/309-#sub-heading-2 457 English Requirement | Acacia | Immigration Australia(2016) Acacia-au.com https://www.acacia-au.com/457-english-requirement.php 457 Work Visa | Australian Skilled Immigration(2016) Workpermit.com https://www.workpermit.com/australia/457-work-visa.htm